History
Mozambique has a history shaped by centuries of Arab, Portuguese, and African influence. It became a Portuguese colony in the 16th century and remained under colonial rule until 1975. After independence, the country experienced a prolonged civil war that ended in 1992. Since then, Mozambique has been working toward political stability and economic growth.
Geography
Located in southeastern Africa, Mozambique is bordered by Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Eswatini, and the Indian Ocean. It has a long coastline with beautiful beaches, and the Zambezi River is one of its major geographical features.
Tribes & People
The population is made up of diverse ethnic groups including Makua, Tsonga, Sena, and Shona. Portuguese is the official language, while indigenous languages such as Makhuwa, Sena, and Tsonga are widely spoken. Most people practice Christianity, with some following Islam and traditional beliefs.
Society
Mozambican society is largely rural and community-oriented. Traditional customs and extended family systems play a major role. Urban areas are growing, especially in the capital Maputo. Access to education and healthcare is improving but remains a challenge in rural regions.
Government
Mozambique is a presidential republic. The President is both head of state and government. The country has a multi-party system, though the FRELIMO party has dominated politics since independence. Ongoing reforms aim to strengthen democracy and governance.
Economy
The economy is based on agriculture, mining, and recently, natural gas discoveries. Major exports include aluminum, coal, prawns, cotton, and cashew nuts. Despite natural wealth, Mozambique faces high poverty levels, debt challenges, and infrastructure gaps.
Energy
Mozambique has significant hydropower potential and gas reserves. The Cahora Bassa Dam is a key electricity source. The country exports energy to neighboring nations and is investing in expanding domestic electricity access, especially in rural areas.
Communications
Mobile phone usage is widespread, and internet access is growing, especially in cities. Radio remains the most accessible medium, and the press operates with a degree of freedom despite occasional government pressure.
Transportation
The transportation network includes roadways, ports, and railways connecting to landlocked neighbors. Major ports include Maputo, Beira, and Nacala. Infrastructure development is ongoing to support trade and improve internal connectivity.
Transnational Issues
Mozambique faces security concerns due to insurgency in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, impacting gas projects and displacing communities. It also works with regional bodies to manage refugee flows and border security.
Jokes
Why did the Mozambican fisherman bring a ladder?
To catch fish from a higher level — aiming for the big ones near the surface!
Other Interesting Facts
- Mozambique Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its colonial architecture.
- The country is famous for its seafood, especially prawns and grilled fish.
- Mozambique's music and dance styles, such as Marrabenta, are vibrant and culturally rich.