History
The Gambia, the smallest country on mainland Africa, was a hub of the transatlantic slave trade before becoming a British colony in the 19th century. It gained independence in 1965. After decades of relative stability, a 22-year dictatorship under President Yahya Jammeh ended in 2017, when democratic elections brought in Adama Barrow. The country is currently undergoing democratic and constitutional reforms.
Geography
The Gambia is a narrow strip of land along the Gambia River, entirely surrounded by Senegal except for its western coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. It has a tropical climate with a rainy season from June to October and a dry season from November to May.
Tribes & People
The Gambia is ethnically diverse, with major groups including the Mandinka, Fula, Wolof, Jola, and Serahule. English is the official language, but many indigenous languages are widely spoken. Islam is the predominant religion, followed by small Christian and traditional religious communities.
Society
Gambian society is largely rural and community-oriented, with strong extended family ties. Traditional music, storytelling, and cultural practices remain vital. While education and healthcare systems are improving, access varies significantly between urban and rural areas.
Government
The Gambia is a presidential republic. The president serves as both head of state and government. The country has transitioned from authoritarian rule to a more democratic system since 2017. Constitutional and institutional reforms are underway to strengthen democracy and the rule of law.
Economy
The Gambian economy relies on agriculture, tourism, and remittances. Key crops include groundnuts, millet, and rice. The tourism industry, especially eco- and cultural tourism, is a major source of foreign exchange. The economy faces challenges such as youth unemployment and limited industrialization.
Energy
Electricity access is growing but remains limited, especially in rural areas. The government is investing in solar energy and other renewable sources to expand national energy coverage and reduce reliance on imported fuels.
Communications
Mobile penetration is high, but internet access is still developing. Social media is popular, especially among youth. Press freedom has improved since 2017, with a growing number of independent media outlets operating in the country.
Transportation
The Gambia has a basic road network and limited public transportation, consisting mostly of shared taxis and minibuses. The Banjul ferry is a key link across the river. Banjul International Airport serves regional and international flights.
Transnational Issues
The Gambia enjoys generally peaceful relations with its neighbors, particularly Senegal. Issues include border management and regional cooperation. The country also plays a role in West African diplomacy and ECOWAS initiatives.
Jokes
Why don’t Gambians ever argue in the rain?
Because everyone knows it’s better to let things slide when it’s wet!
Other Interesting Facts
- The Gambia River runs the entire length of the country and is vital for transport and agriculture.
- It is known for its rich birdlife, with over 500 species recorded—making it a paradise for birdwatchers.
- The Gambia is one of the few countries whose name begins with "The."