History
Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is one of the few remaining absolute monarchies in the world. The Swazi people settled in the region in the 18th century. It became a British protectorate in the early 1900s and gained independence in 1968. In 2018, King Mswati III officially changed the country's name to Eswatini to reflect its pre-colonial heritage. The monarchy has maintained significant political control throughout the country’s post-independence era.
Geography
Eswatini is a small, landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa and Mozambique. It features varied topography including mountains, savannas, and rainforests. The country experiences a range of climates from temperate highlands to hot, dry lowlands.
Tribes & People
The majority of the population are Swazi, with small groups of Zulu and other minorities. The Swazi culture is deeply rooted in traditional customs and ceremonies, including the Umhlanga (Reed Dance) and Incwala (Kingship Ceremony). SiSwati and English are the official languages.
Society
Eswatini has a strong sense of community and cultural pride. The extended family system is common, and traditional leaders (chiefs) play a vital role in rural governance. The country faces social challenges such as high rates of HIV/AIDS and youth unemployment, but education and healthcare services have expanded over the years.
Government
Eswatini is an absolute monarchy, with King Mswati III holding supreme executive, legislative, and judicial powers. While there is a parliament and elections are held for the House of Assembly, political parties are largely restricted. Traditional law operates alongside formal legal systems.
Economy
Eswatini’s economy is closely linked with South Africa and relies on agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Key exports include sugar, soft drink concentrates, textiles, and wood pulp. The country is a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), and remittances and foreign investment play a role in the economy. Poverty and inequality remain pressing concerns.
Energy
Eswatini produces some hydroelectric power but largely depends on electricity imports from South Africa. Efforts are ongoing to diversify energy sources, including renewable energy projects such as biomass and solar initiatives to reduce dependency.
Communications
Mobile penetration is high, and internet access is growing, especially in urban areas. The media landscape is small and often pro-government. Freedom of the press is limited, with criticism of the monarchy or government rarely tolerated in public discourse.
Transportation
The country has a relatively well-maintained road network. Public transportation includes minibuses and taxis. Eswatini has one international airport (King Mswati III International Airport) and a railway system used mainly for freight, connecting with South Africa and Mozambique.
Transnational Issues
Eswatini maintains peaceful relations with its neighbors. Key issues include cross-border migration, smuggling, and dependence on South Africa for trade and energy. The country has experienced internal protests in recent years calling for democratic reforms and improved living conditions.
Jokes
Why did the cow refuse to leave Eswatini?
Because even the grass respects the King!
Other Interesting Facts
- Eswatini is one of the world's last absolute monarchies.
- The Umhlanga Reed Dance is a major annual cultural event that draws thousands of participants.
- Despite its small size, Eswatini is home to diverse wildlife and scenic nature reserves.