History
Algeria, located in North Africa, has a rich history influenced by Berber, Arab, Ottoman, and French cultures. It was a French colony from 1830 until its hard-fought independence in 1962, led by the National Liberation Front (FLN). Since then, Algeria has experienced periods of political unrest, including a civil war in the 1990s. It remains one of the key players in North African geopolitics.
Geography
Algeria is the largest country in Africa by land area. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north and shares land boundaries with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara, and Morocco. Much of the country is covered by the Sahara Desert, but the north features fertile plains and the Atlas Mountains.
Tribes & People
The population exceeds 44 million, mainly composed of Arab and Berber ethnic groups. Arabic and Berber (Tamazight) are official languages, with French also widely used in business and education. Islam is the dominant religion. Berber identity has gained renewed recognition, particularly in the Kabylie region.
Society
Algerian society is conservative yet evolving, with strong family values and Islamic traditions. Urbanization has increased, especially in cities like Algiers and Oran. Women are becoming more active in education and employment. Traditional music, poetry, and cuisine remain integral parts of daily life.
Government
Algeria is a presidential republic. The President is head of state and government, with a bicameral legislature comprising the People's National Assembly and the Council of the Nation. The military plays a significant role in politics. Recent years have seen public demand for political reform through the Hirak protest movement.
Economy
Algeria's economy heavily relies on hydrocarbons, with oil and natural gas making up over 90% of export revenues. The government is pushing for diversification through agriculture, mining, and renewable energy. Unemployment and youth joblessness remain major challenges.
Energy
Algeria is one of Africa’s top energy producers and the 10th-largest natural gas producer globally. It exports liquefied natural gas (LNG) and crude oil primarily to Europe. The country is also investing in solar power, aiming to utilize its vast desert terrain for clean energy development.
Communications
Algeria has widespread mobile phone coverage and growing internet penetration. State-run media dominate the broadcasting sector, though independent outlets and online platforms have emerged. French and Arabic are the main languages used in media.
Transportation
Algeria has an extensive road and rail network linking major cities and ports. The country has several international airports, including Algiers Houari Boumediene Airport. The national airline, Air Algérie, operates regional and international routes. The country is also investing in expanding metro systems and public transportation infrastructure.
Transnational Issues
Algeria has border tensions with Morocco, particularly over the Western Sahara issue. It also faces security challenges along its southern borders with Mali and Libya due to terrorism and smuggling. Algeria plays a diplomatic role in African and Mediterranean regional affairs.
Jokes
Why don’t Algerians play cards in the desert?
Because the sand keeps burying the deck!
Other Interesting Facts
- Algeria is home to the Tassili n'Ajjer, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for prehistoric rock art.
- It has one of the largest solar potentials in the world due to its vast desert landscape.
- Couscous is a national dish and holds cultural importance across Algerian households.