History
Cameroon, located in Central Africa, was originally colonized by Germany in the late 19th century before being divided between France and Britain after World War I. The French-administered region became independent in 1960 as the Republic of Cameroon, and later unified with the British Southern Cameroons in 1961. The country has experienced decades of centralized rule under President Paul Biya, who has been in power since 1982.
Geography
Often described as “Africa in miniature,” Cameroon features a diverse landscape including beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and savannas. It borders Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo. Mount Cameroon, the highest point in West Africa, is an active volcano near the coast.
Tribes & People
Cameroon is home to over 250 ethnic groups, including the Bantu, Fulani, Bamileke, and Tikar. French and English are the official languages, reflecting the country’s colonial past, but over 200 local languages are spoken. The population is religiously diverse, with Christianity, Islam, and indigenous beliefs widely practiced.
Society
Cameroonian society is highly diverse, with cultural traditions, music, festivals, and cuisine varying by region and ethnic group. Family and community ties are strong. Access to education and healthcare is improving but remains uneven, especially in rural and conflict-affected regions.
Government
Cameroon is a unitary presidential republic. President Paul Biya has ruled since 1982, making him one of the longest-serving leaders in Africa. The country has faced criticism for its democratic deficits, human rights concerns, and lack of press freedom. A conflict continues in the English-speaking regions seeking secession.
Economy
The economy is diversified, with key sectors including agriculture, oil and gas, timber, and mining. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton are major exports. While the economy shows potential, it is hampered by corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and security challenges in parts of the country.
Energy
Cameroon produces hydroelectric power and also utilizes oil and gas resources. Electricity coverage is better in urban areas, with ongoing efforts to expand rural electrification and explore renewable energy options.
Communications
Mobile penetration is widespread, and internet use is increasing, although digital access is limited in rural areas. Government control over media and periodic internet shutdowns in restive regions have raised concerns about freedom of expression.
Transportation
Cameroon has a developing transport infrastructure, with road and rail links between major cities. The port of Douala is a major regional hub. Air travel is served by Douala and Yaoundé international airports. Rural areas often face poor road conditions, especially during the rainy season.
Transnational Issues
Cameroon has ongoing tensions in its Anglophone regions, where separatists are seeking independence. It also shares porous borders with Nigeria, leading to issues with insurgents like Boko Haram in the north. The country plays a strategic role in regional peace and security initiatives.
Jokes
Why do Cameroonian musicians never get lost?
Because they always follow the right "beat-a" path!
Other Interesting Facts
- Cameroon is known for its rich musical heritage, including makossa and bikutsi styles.
- Mount Cameroon hosts an annual race to the summit called the “Race of Hope.”
- The country is one of the most linguistically diverse in the world.