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Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule; it is one of the smallest countries in Africa consisting of a mainland territory and five inhabited islands. The capital of Malabo is located on the island of Bioko, approximately 25 km from the Cameroonian coastline in the Gulf of Guinea. Between 1968 and 1979, autocratic President Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA virtually destroyed all of the country's political, economic, and social institutions before being deposed by his nephew Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO in a coup. President OBIANG has ruled since October 1979 and plans to stand for reelection in 2016. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, presidential and legislative elections between 1996 and 2009 were widely seen as flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has placed legal and bureaucratic barriers that prevent political opposition. Equatorial Guinea has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves, and in the last decade has become Sub-Saharan Africa's third largest oil exporter. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production, resulting in a massive increase in government revenue in recent years, the drop in global oil prices has placed significant strain on the state budget. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy and to increase foreign investment despite limited improvements in the population's living standards. Equatorial Guinea is the host of major regional and international conferences and continues to seek a greater role in regional affairs.
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Geography :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon
2 00 N, 10 00 E
Africa
total: 28,051 sq km
land: 28,051 sq km
water: 0 sq km
country comparison to the world:
146slightly smaller than Maryland
total: 528 km
border countries (2): Cameroon 183 km, Gabon 345 km
296 km
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
tropical; always hot, humid
coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m
petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay
agricultural land: 10.1%
arable land 4.3%; permanent crops 2.1%; permanent pasture 3.7%
forest: 57.5%
other: 32.4% (2011 est.)
NA
26 cu km (2011)
total: 0.02 cu km/yr (80%/15%/5%)
per capita: 31.41 cu m/yr (2005)
violent windstorms; flash floods
volcanism: Santa Isabel (elev. 3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel, along with two dormant volcanoes, form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea
tap water is non-potable; deforestation
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
insular and continental regions widely separated
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People and Society :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)
adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Mdowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 census)
Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes French (official), Fang, Bubi) 32.4% (1994 census)
nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices
740,743 (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1660-14 years: 40.47% (male 152,305/female 147,454)
15-24 years: 19.55% (male 73,728/female 71,086)
25-54 years: 31.74% (male 116,937/female 118,148)
55-64 years: 4.24% (male 13,519/female 17,884)
65 years and over: 4.01% (male 12,462/female 17,220) (2015 est.)
population pyramid:
total dependency ratio: 72.9%
youth dependency ratio: 67.9%
elderly dependency ratio: 5%
potential support ratio: 20% (2015 est.)
total: 19.5 years
male: 19 years
female: 20 years (2015 est.)
2.51% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
2333.31 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
328.19 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
890 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
99urban population: 39.9% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 3.12% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
MALABO (capital) 145,000 (2014)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.76 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
total: 69.17 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 70.21 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 68.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
14total population: 63.85 years
male: 62.76 years
female: 64.97 years (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1834.57 children born/woman (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
2412.6% (2011)
3.5% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world:
1492.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)
improved:
urban: 72.5% of population
rural: 31.5% of population
total: 47.9% of population
unimproved:
urban: 27.5% of population
rural: 68.5% of population
total: 52.1% of population (2015 est.)
improved:
urban: 79.9% of population
rural: 71% of population
total: 74.5% of population
unimproved:
urban: 20.1% of population
rural: 29% of population
total: 25.5% of population (2015 est.)
6.16% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1131,600 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
70800 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
71degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria and dengue fever
animal contact disease: rabies (2013)
16.2% (2014)
country comparison to the world:
1295.6% (2010)
country comparison to the world:
87definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95.3%
male: 97.4%
female: 93% (2015 est.)
total number: 35,382
percentage: 28% (2000 est.)
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Government :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea
conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea
local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee Equatoriale
local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee Equatoriale
former: Spanish Guinea
republic
name: Malabo
geographic coordinates: 3 45 N, 8 47 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas
12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Independence Day, 12 October (1968)
approved by referendum 17 November 1991; amended several times, last in 2012 (2012)
mixed system of civil and customary law
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
birthright citizenship: no, unless at least one parent is a citizen of Equatorial Guinea
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MGASOGO (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup)
head of government: Prime Minister Vicente EHATE TOMI (since 22 May 2012); First Deputy Prime Minister Clemente ENGONG NGUEMA ONGUENE; Second Deputy Prime Minister Francisco Pascual OBAMA ASUE; Third Deputy Prime Minister Alfonso NSUE MOKUY
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in 2016); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president
election results: Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MBASOGO reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro Obiang NGUEMA MBASOGO (PDGE) 95.8%, Placido MICO Abogo (CPDS) 3.6%, other 0.6%
description: bicameral National Assembly or Asemblea Nacional, formerly the unicameral Parliament, consists of the Senate or Senado (70 seats; 55 members directly elected by simple majority vote and 15 appointed by the president) and the House of People's Representatives or Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note - the constitutional referendum of 2011 established the Senate and formed at the time of the May 2013 elections
elections: last held on 26 May 2013 (next to be held in 2018)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 54, CPDS 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 99, CPDS 1
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice - who is also chief of state - and 9 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of which are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies
subordinate courts: Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]
Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Jeronimo OSA OSA ECORO] (ruling party)
Electoral Coalition or EC
Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]
Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]
not officially registered parties: Democratic Republican Force or FDR [Guillermo NGUEMA ELA]
Independent Candidacy or CI [Gabriel NSE OBIANG OBONO]
Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]
Union for the Center Right or UDC [Avelino MOCACHE MEAENGA]
note: in November 2014, the government hosted a National Dialogue process to engage with the political opposition; the opposition particiapated with limited attendance and engagement; on March 18, 2015, the CPDS, FDR, and UP formed a coalition called the Front of Democratic Opposition or FOD
ASODEGUE (Madrid-based pressure group for democratic reform)
Coalicion CEIBA (group formed by diverse, exiled political parties)
C.O.R.E.D. (originally led by Raimundo Ela Nsang; based in Paris)
EG Justice (US-based anti-corruption group)
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP (associate), FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)
chief of mission: Ambassador Miguel Ntutumu EVUNA ANDEME (since 23 February 2015)
chancery: 2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 518-5700
FAX: [1] (202) 518-5252
consul general(s): Houston
chief of mission: Ambassador Mark L. ASQUINO (since 4 October 2012)
embassy: Carretera Malabo II, Malabo, Guinea Ecuatorial
mailing address: US Embassy Malabo, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520
telephone: [240] 333 09 57 41
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red, with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice); green symbolizes the jungle and natural resources, blue represents the sea that connects the mainland to the islands, white stands for peace, and red recalls the fight for independence
silk cotton tree; national colors: green, white, red, blue
name: "Caminemos pisando la senda" (Let Us Tread the Path)
lyrics/music: Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO/Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO or Ramiro Sanchez LOPEZ (disputed)
note: adopted 1968
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Economy :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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Exploitation of oil and gas deposits, beginning in the 1990’s, has driven economic growth in Equatorial Guinea, allowing per capita GDP to rise to over $29,000 in 2014. Declining revenue from hydrocarbon production, high levels of infrastructure expenditures, lack of economic diversification, and corruption have led to limited improvements in the general population’s living conditions. Equatorial Guinea hosted two economic diversification symposia in 2014 that focused on attracting investment in five sectors: agriculture and animal ranching, fishing, mining and petrochemicals, tourism, and financial services. Undeveloped mineral resources include gold, zinc, diamonds, columbite-tantalite, and other base metals. Forestry and farming are also minor components of GDP. Subsistence farming is the dominant form of livelihood. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy since independence has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. Foreign assistance programs by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut since 1993 because of corruption and mismanagement and high GDP figures now make Equatorial Guinea ineligible for most donor assistance. The government has been widely criticized for its lack of transparency and misuse of oil revenues and has attempted to address this issue by working towards compliance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. US foreign assistance to Equatorial Guinea is limited in part because of US restrictions pursuant to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.
$25.11 billion (2014 est.)
$25.91 billion (2013 est.)
$27.23 billion (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world:
133$14.31 billion (2014 est.)
-3.1% (2014 est.)
-4.8% (2013 est.)
3.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
212$32,300 (2014 est.)
$33,300 (2013 est.)
$35,000 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
5243.4% of GDP (2014 est.)
46.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
49.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
9household consumption: 15.5%
government consumption: 6.4%
investment in fixed capital: 57.6%
investment in inventories: 1.3%
exports of goods and services: 77.4%
imports of goods and services: -58.4%
(2014 est.)
agriculture: 5.1%
industry: 85.7%
services: 9.2% (2014 est.)
coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava (manioc, tapioca), bananas, palm oil nuts; livestock; timber
petroleum, natural gas, sawmilling
-4.7% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
192195,200 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world:
17322.3% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world:
169NA%
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
revenues: $5.2 billion
expenditures: $6.262 billion (2014 est.)
33.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
71-6.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1888.4% of GDP (2014 est.)
8.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
154calendar year
3% (2014 est.)
6.3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1328.5% (31 December 2010)
4.25% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world:
3215% (31 December 2014 est.)
15% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
41$3.363 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$3.384 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
116$3.788 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$3.841 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
141$-80.51 million (31 December 2014 est.)
$-578 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
184-$1.878 billion (2014 est.)
-$1.542 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
137$13.26 billion (2014 est.)
$14.74 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
87petroleum products, timber
China 26.7%, UK 16%, Brazil 10%, France 8.3%, Japan 7%, Netherlands 6.9%, India 5.9%, Spain 5.8% (2014)
$6.436 billion (2014 est.)
$6.913 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
118petroleum sector equipment, other equipment, construction materials, vehicles
US 23.5%, Spain 17.3%, China 13.6%, France 5.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.5% (2014)
$2.763 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$3.507 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
115$1.385 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$1.548 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
156Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -
491.2 (2014 est.)
494.04 (2013 est.)
510.53 (2012 est.)
471.87 (2011 est.)
495.28 (2010 est.)
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Energy :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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100 million kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
20093 million kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
2000 kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1340 kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
141164,000 kW (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
19622.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
730% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
8377.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1170% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
174248,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
34318,100 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
240 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1801.1 billion bbl (1 January 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:
410 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1094,900 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1860 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1014,863 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
1596.29 billion cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
471.49 billion cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
794.8 billion cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
320 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:
18836.81 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
665.614 million Mt (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:
124
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Communications :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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total subscriptions: 15,100
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
194total: 516,500
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 72 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
170general assessment: digital fixed-line network in most major urban areas and good mobile cellular coverage
domestic: fixed-line density is about 2 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing and in 2011 stood at about 60 percent of the population
international: country code - 240; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)
state maintains control of broadcast media with domestic broadcast media limited to 1 state-owned TV station, 1 private TV station owned by the president's eldest son, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldest son; satellite TV service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible (2013)
AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 5 (2001)
1 (2001)
.gq
total: 115,100
percent of population: 15.9% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:
167
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Transportation :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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7 (2013)
country comparison to the world:
166total: 6
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 2 (2013)
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
condensate 42 km; condensate/gas 5 km; gas 79 km; oil 71 km (2013)
total: 2,880 km (2000)
country comparison to the world:
169total: 5
by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 3
foreign-owned: 1 (Norway 1) (2010)
country comparison to the world:
124major seaport(s): Bata, Luba, Malabo
LNG terminal(s) (export): Bioko Island
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Military :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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Equatorial Guinea Armed Forces (FAGE): Equatorial Guinea National Guard (Guardia Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial, GNGE (Army), Navy, Air Force (2013)
18 years of age for selective compulsory military service, although conscription is rare in practice; 2-year service obligation; women hold only administrative positions in the Navy (2013)
males age 16-49: 151,147
females age 16-49: 150,345 (2010 est.)
males age 16-49: 113,277
females age 16-49: 115,320 (2010 est.)
male: 7,398
female: 7,126 (2010 est.)
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Transnational Issues :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation; UN urged Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane and lesser islands and to create a maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay
current situation: Equatorial Guinea is a source and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sexual exploitation; children are trafficked from nearby countries for work as domestic servants, market laborers, ambulant vendors, and launderers; women may also be trafficked to Equatorial Guinea from Cameroon, Benin, other neighboring countries, and China for forced labor or prostitution; Equatorial Guinean girls may be encouraged by their parents to engage in the sex trade in urban centers to receive groceries, gifts, housing, and money
tier rating: Tier 3 – Equatorial Guinea is not making significant efforts to comply with the minimum standards on the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; in 2013, the government initiated no investigations or prosecutions of suspected trafficking offenses and demonstrated no efforts to identify victims or to provide them with necessary services, despite being required to do so under its 2004 anti-trafficking law; undocumented migrants were deported without screening to assess whether they were trafficking victims; the government did not launch any public anti-trafficking campaigns or implement any programs to address forced child labor (2014)