How To Start A Business in Ghana
Step-by-Step Guide to Starting a Business in Ghana
1. Reserve a Business Name
Apply for a business name reservation at the Registrar-General's Department (RGD).
- Fee: GHS 50 (name search & reservation)
- Duration: 1-2 working days
2. Register the Business
Register your company or business with the RGD. Foreign companies must register as external companies.
- Fee: Varies by entity type (e.g., GHS 230 for sole proprietorship, GHS 330+ for limited liability companies)
- Duration: 3-5 working days
3. Obtain Tax Identification Number (TIN)
All directors, shareholders, and the business itself must obtain a TIN from the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA).
- Fee: Free
- Duration: 1-2 working days
4. Register for Tax and VAT (if applicable)
Register with the GRA for corporate income tax, VAT (if applicable), and other levies such as the National Health Insurance Levy (NHIL).
- Corporate Tax Rate: 25%
- VAT Rate: 15% (12.5% VAT + 2.5% NHIL)
5. Register for Social Security
Register with the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) to fulfill employer obligations.
- Contribution: 13% by employer and 5.5% by employee of gross salary
6. Apply for Business Operating Permit
Obtain a business operating permit from the relevant local assembly (e.g., Accra Metropolitan Assembly).
- Fee: Depends on business type and location (typically GHS 200–1,000+)
- Duration: 3-5 working days
7. Environmental Permits (if applicable)
Businesses with environmental impact must obtain a permit from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
- Fee: Based on risk category
- Duration: Varies by assessment process
8. Open a Business Bank Account
Open a corporate bank account using the TIN, business registration certificate, and other company documents.
9. Register with Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (Foreign Investors)
Foreign businesses must register with the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) to qualify for investment guarantees and incentives.
- Minimum Capital Requirements: USD 200,000 to USD 1,000,000 depending on business ownership and structure
Useful Resources
Disclaimer: This information is provided for general guidance only and may be subject to change. Investors are encouraged to consult directly with the relevant government agencies or a local legal advisor before initiating the business registration process in Ghana.